Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)

Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)

	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2006)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2007)

Area	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Climate	antarctic	tropical
Coastline	101.9 km	74.1 km
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands abbreviation: HIMI	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Economy - overview	No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	the flag of Australia is used
Geographic coordinates	53 06 S, 72 31 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	-	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Irrigated land	0 sq km	0 sq km
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Legal system	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Location	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references	Antarctic Region	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Natural hazards	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	fish	fish
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Population	uninhabited (July 2006 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Terrain	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky	low with sand and coral

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